This massive range, containing diverse habitats, contains four of the six North American subspecies. Pp. Referring to something living or located adjacent to a waterbody (usually, but not always, a river or stream). Boyer, R. 2004. A Massachusetts study found that moose–vehicular collisions had a very high human fatality rate and that such collisions caused the death of 3% of the Massachusetts moose population annually. Predicting locations of moose-vehicle collisions in Sweden. Pp. [35] For unknown reasons, the moose population is declining rapidly in the Midwest.[18]. Il s'y trouvait en faible densite et representait une biomasse de nourriture ongulee inferieure a celle etudiee ailleurs en Amerique du Nord. Northeast: A wildlife ecologist estimated 50,000 in New York and New England in 2007, with expansion expected. Upper Midwest: Michigan estimated 433 (in its, This page was last edited on 6 January 2021, at 22:31. It is listed under Appendix III of the Bern Convention. (Bowyer, et al., 2003; Bubenik, 2007), Pelage is generally dark, black to brown or grayish brown, with the lower legs being lighter. An all-white color phase is rare. Accessed https://www.futura-sciences.com/planete/definitions/zoologie-elan-8690 When they have leant upon them, according to their habit, they knock down by their weight the unsupported trees, and fall down themselves along with them.[151]. Libralces existed until the middle Pleistocene epoch and were followed briefly by a species called Cervalces carnutorum. one of the sexes (usually males) has special physical structures used in courting the other sex or fighting the same sex. Mammalian Species, 154: 1-7. [28][29][30][31][32][33][34], In the Midwest U.S., moose are primarily limited to the upper Great Lakes region, but strays, primarily immature males, have been found as far south as eastern Iowa. Behavior. Pendant la période glaciaire, il y a 350 000 ans, une partie des élans qui peuplaient l'Eurasie auraient traversé la mer de Béring, alors recouverte de glaces, et se seraient répandus sur les terres de l'actuel Alaska. Alces alces, Cervalces et Megaloceros giganteus sont des cerfs de la même taille dont les os des membres peuvent être confondus si fragmentés, en conséquence, il faut avoir des caractères morphologiques qui permettent la détermination des restes postcrâniens. This trait serves a second purpose in cooling down the moose on summer days and ridding itself of black flies. Free and Open Access to Biodiversity Data. National Science Foundation Malgré leur taille imposante, ils sont capables de se déplacer aussi silencieusement qu'un lynx dans le bois. Population distribution, density, and trends. Ils étaient armés de défenses pour se battre, mais les élans les perdirent au cours de l'évolution pour acquérir les bois immenses et spectaculaires qui les caractérisent désormais dans le règne animal. Some deciduous trees also may be present. Boulder, Colorado: University Press of Colorado. [124][125][126] American black bears (Ursus americanus) and cougars (Puma concolor) can be significant predators of moose calves in May and June and can, in rare instances, prey on adults (mainly cows rather than the larger bulls). Journal of Wildlife Research, 1: 138-147. Attempts in 1930 and again in 1967 in marshland north of Berlin were unsuccessful. Adult moose are in their prime from 5 to 12 years of age but begin to suffer from arthritis, dental diseases and wear, and other factors after about 8 years. Bulls will engage their antlers, pushing and twisting, while attempting to gore each other. Also, cows with calves at heel seclude themselves from conspecifics to reduce the risk of being singled out by predators. marshes are wetland areas often dominated by grasses and reeds. Hence, it never lies down, but reclines against a tree while it sleeps; it can only be taken by previously cutting into the tree, and thus laying a trap for it, as otherwise, it would escape through its swiftness. 4 (2009): 270-278. ranking system or pecking order among members of a long-term social group, where dominance status affects access to resources or mates. Initially, the males assess which of them is dominant and one bull may retreat, however, the interaction can escalate to a fight using their antlers. The Swedes fence their highways to reduce moose fatalities and design moose-proof cars. They are also widespread through Russia on up through the borders with Finland south towards the border with Estonia, Belarus and Ukraine and stretching far away eastwards to the Yenisei River in Siberia. Their sense of smell is exceptional due to the large surface area of their nasal cavities, which are lined with millions of sent-smelling cells. In late-winter, moose prefer river valleys with deciduous forest cover or alpine terrain above the tree line, while bison preferred wet sedge meadowlands or sunny southern grassy slopes. Its exact use is unknown, but theories state that it might be used in mating, as a visual and olfactory signal, or as a dominance signal by males, as are the antlers. The main differences between the two consisted of shortening of the horizontal bar in the antlers and broadening of the palmations, indicating a likely change from open plains to more forested environments, and skeletal changes that suggest an adaptation to marshy environments. Naturaliste Canadien, 101: 379-392. Bowyer, R., V. Van Ballenberghe, J. Kie. In the harem mating system, the largest, most dominant male attempts to herd a group of females together, which he defends from all other males. Alces, 40: 103-122. active during the day, 2. lasting for one day. "Moose disease", fatal to moose, is caused by a brainworm which most commonly infects white-tailed deer. The earliest known species is Libralces gallicus (French moose), which lived in the Pliocene epoch, about 2 million years ago. Il y a des millions d'années, les tout premiers cervidés ne vivaient qu'en Asie. [13] The moose resembled the "German elk" (the moose of continental Europe), which was less familiar to the British colonists. Males make a grunt to court females or challenge other bulls. a species whose presence or absence strongly affects populations of other species in that area such that the extirpation of the keystone species in an area will result in the ultimate extirpation of many more species in that area (Example: sea otter). Traductions en contexte de "alces" en anglais-français avec Reverso Context : Both E. rangiferi and E. alces also seem capable of causing disease in some other species of cervids, in addition to their natural host (Lankester and Fong, 1989). Moose meat tastes, wrote Henry David Thoreau in "The Maine Woods", "like tender beef, with perhaps more flavour; sometimes like veal". Alces alces, aussi connu sous le nom d'élan (en Eurasie) ou orignal (en Amérique du Nord), est une espèce de mammifères de la famille des Cervidae.Le genre Alces est … [129][130] Killer whales (Orcinus orca) are the moose's only known marine predator as they have been known to prey on moose swimming between islands out of North America's Northwest Coast,[131] however, there is at least one recorded instance of a moose preyed upon by a Greenland shark. Après avoir pris de l'expansion pendant la majeure partie du XXe siècle, la population d'orignaux en Amérique du Nord a connu un déclin marqué depuis les années 1990. They strip trees and shrubs of their bark and rub their foreheads and preorbital glands into the bare spot to advertise their presence to the opposite sex. [84] Within the ecologic range of the moose in Europe, those in northerly locales display the palmate pattern of antlers, while the antlers of European moose over the southerly portion of its range are typically of the cervina dendritic pattern and comparatively small, perhaps due to evolutionary pressures of hunting by humans, who prize the large palmate antlers. Their long legs and bone structure suggest an animal that was adapted to running at high speeds over rough terrain.[172][173]. [48][49] Unsuccessful thus far in recolonizing these areas via natural dispersal from source populations in Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Czech Republic and Slovakia, it appears to be having more success migrating south into the Caucasus. gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate), maternal position in the dominance hierarchy affects status of young, body parts are source of valuable material, Ecology and Management of the North American Moose, Wild mammals of North America: Biology, management and conservation, Ecology and management of large mammals in North America, Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference, Ecology and management of the North American moose, Mammal community dynamics in western coniferous forests: Management and conservation, Ecology and management of North American moose, The Smithsonian Book of North American Mammals. Synapomorphy of the Bilateria. Females seek secluded sites to give birth to young and remain isolated until the calves are weaned. Alces definition is - the genus of mammals (order Artiodactyla) comprising the moose and the European elk. However, as the Roman era faded into medieval times, the beast slowly disappeared: soon after the reign of Charlemagne, the moose disappeared from France, where its range extended from Normandy in the north to the Pyrenees in the south. Moose herbivory, browse quality, and nutrient cycling in an Alaskan treeline community. An electronic "moose detection system" was installed on two sections of the Trans-Canada Highway in Newfoundland in 2011, but the system proved unreliable and was removed in 2015. Found in northern North America and northern Europe or Asia. In the West, moose populations extend well north into Canada (British Columbia and Alberta), and more isolated groups have been verified as far south as the mountains of Utah and Colorado and as far west as the Lake Wenatchee area of the Washington Cascades. Whether or not predators can hold (regulate) a moose population at an equilibrium point is controversial. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 27, no. 1974. 173-221 in A Franzmann, C Schwartz, eds. Additional support has come from the Marisla Foundation, UM College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, Museum of Zoology, and Information and Technology Services. This encroachment by deer on moose habitat brought moose into contact with previously unfamiliar pathogens, including brainworm and liver fluke, and these parasites are believed to have contributed to the population decline of moose.[19]. Sexual segregation in Ruminants: definitions, hypotheses, and implications for conservation and management.. Journal of Mammalogy, 85: 1039-1052. [9] The word "elk" remained in usage because of its existence in continental Europe; however, without any living animals around to serve as a reference, the meaning became rather vague to most speakers of English, who used "elk" to refer to "large deer" in general. [133] Wolf packs primarily target calves and elderly animals, but can and will take healthy, adult moose. Up through Classical times, the species was certainly thriving in both Gaul and Magna Germania, as it appears in military and hunting accounts of the age. De Bord, D. 2009. The hoof of the fourth digit is broader than that of the third digit, while the inner hoof of the third digit is longer than that of the fourth digit. At present in Poland, populations are recorded in the Biebrza river valley, Kampinos, and in Białowieża Forest. 1998. "[84] This requires intense grazing on a highly-nutritious diet. living in the Nearctic biogeographic province, the northern part of the New World. ALCES Online provides fast, attractive, and customizable maps, graphs and tables. Its southern range extends to Ukraine, northern Kazakhstan, northern China and northern Mongolia. The youngest bones were found in Scotland and are roughly 3,900 years old. The moose proboscis likely evolved as an adaptation to aquatic browsing, with loss of the rhinarium, and development of a superior olfactory column separate from an inferior respiratory column. Reproduction, natality, and growth. [25], Since the 1980s, however, moose populations have rebounded, thanks to regrowth of plentiful food sources,[25] abandonment of farmland, better land management, clean-up of pollution, and natural dispersal from the Canadian Maritimes and Quebec. Morphological and behavioral adaptations of moose to climate, snow, and forage. [99][100] The head-and-body length is 2.4–3.1 m (7.9–10.2 ft), with the vestigial tail adding only a further 5–12 cm (2.0–4.7 in). 578-600 in S Demaris, P Krausman, eds. offspring are produced in more than one group (litters, clutches, etc.) Attacks from wolves against young moose may last seconds, though sometimes they can be drawn out for days with adults. Soils usually subject to permafrost. Ecology 65, no. Telfer, Edmund S., and John P. Kelsall. . Unlike other large, hooved mammals, such as horses, moose can kick in all directions including sideways. Cervalces latifrons was the largest deer known to have ever existed, standing more than 2.1 m (6 ft 11 in) tall at the shoulders. An Alces alces in nahilalakip ha genus nga Alces, ngan familia nga Cervidae. living in the northern part of the Old World. Moose can affect the rate of nutrient cycling, floral composition, rate of forest succession, and biological diversity of a forest. Smith, A. T., Xie, Y., Hoffmann, R. S., Lunde, D., MacKinnon, J., Wilson, D. E., & Wozencraft, W. C. These moose were brought from Chukotka, home to the largest moose on the planet. Daniel De Bord (author), University of Alaska Fairbanks, Link E. Olson (editor, instructor), University of Alaska Fairbanks. However, this does not appear to be a problem. Early experiments were inconclusive, but with the creation of a moose farm at Pechora-Ilych Nature Reserve in 1949, a small-scale moose domestication program was started, involving attempts at selective breeding of animals on the basis of their behavioural characteristics. In terms of raw numbers, they attack more people than bears and wolves combined, but usually with only minor consequences. Within these forests, they prefer the early successional stage, where forage is in abundance due to disturbance. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. [16] With reintroduction of bison into boreal forest, there was some concern that bison would compete with moose for winter habitat, and thereby worsen the population decline of moose. It is now known that moose in Central Asia (Yakutia) also have 70 chromosomes and share mitochondrial DNA halotypes with European and North American moose. Adult females have an average survival of 95%. Alces, 37: 79-88. Some moose migrate seasonally, up to 179 km in North America and 300 km in northeastern Europe. [57], Bull moose have antlers like other members of the deer family. [96], The tail is short (6 cm to 8 cm in length) and vestigial in appearance; unlike other ungulates the moose tail is too short to swish away insects.[97]. Alces alces El alce (Alces alces) (en dellos llugares tamién conocíu como ante o alce) ye una especie de mamíferu artiodáctilu de la familia de los cérvidos. Alaskan moose have been reported to successfully fend off attacks from both black and brown bears. The Animal Diversity Web team is excited to announce ADW Pocket Guides! [20][21] The range includes Wyoming, Montana, Idaho, and smaller areas of Washington and Oregon. Antler beam diameter, not the number of tines, indicates age. In northern Europe, the moose botfly is a parasite whose range seems to be spreading.[138]. ", "Factsheet: Eurasian Elk (Elk, reindeer, roe deer (Cetartiodactyla Cervidae Capreolinae) > Alces alces)", "Status of Regional Moose Populations in European and Asiatic Russia", "Så många djur dödas i trafiken varje år | SvD", "Moose Status and Hunting in Washington By Dana L. Base, Associate Wildlife Biologist August 2004", "Palmated antlers of moose may serve as a parabolic reflector of sounds", Deer of the World: Their Evolution, Behaviour, and Ecology, "Alces alces, Giant of the Northern Forest", "Moose: Wildlife Notebook Series – Alaska Department of Fish and Game", Wood bison to be listed in Yakutia's Red Data Book, "Info on moose diet from Norwestern University", "USATODAY.com - Researchers take a look at the moose's enigmatic nose", "Deadly diet of hay can bring down a moose - Juneau Empire - Alaska's Capital City Online Newspaper", Tigris Foundation dedicated to the survival of the Amur tiger and leopard in the wild : UK HOME, "Wolf: Wildlife Notebook Series – Alaska Department of Fish and Game", "Brown Bear: Wildlife Notebook Series – Alaska Department of Fish and Game", "Effects of Tree Crushing on Black Bear Predation on Moose Calves", "Gulo gulo – The American Society of Mammalogists", "Moose-eating shark rescued in Newfoundland harbour", "Watching Wolves On a Wild Ride By Les Line, National Wildlife Federation, December/January 2001, vol. [107] In winter, moose are often drawn to roadways, to lick salt that is used as a snow and ice melter. Home range, dispersal and migration. (Boyer, 2004; Bubenik, 2007; Wilson and Ruff, 1999), Home range size of moose varies between 3.6 to 92 km2. The Pleistocene epoch was a time of gigantism, in which most species were much larger than their descendants of today, including exceptionally large lions, hippopotamuses, mammoths, and deer. 6 (1984): 1828-1834. In 2002, populations of the United States and Canada were estimated at 1,000,000. alces de traduction dans le dictionnaire anglais - français au Glosbe, dictionnaire en ligne, gratuitement. 2003. One of the most distinctive features of this species is its long, bulbous, drooping muzzle. Maximum speeds have been clocked at 56 km/hr and sustained speeds at 9.6 km/hr. Under the neck hangs a flap of furred skin called the bell, which may or may not be present in females. Moose have very acute hearing due in part to the large external surface area of their ears. [162], Moose warning signs are used on roads in regions where there is a danger of collision with the animal. An Alces alces in uska species han Mammalia nga syahan ginhulagway ni Linnaeus hadton 1758. [citation needed] Moose are very limber animals with highly flexible joints and sharp, pointed hooves, and are capable of kicking with both front and back legs. The European moose was native to most temperate areas with suitable habitat on the continent and even Scotland from the end of the last Ice Age, as Europe had a mix of temperate boreal and deciduous forest. [169], In Sweden, a road will not be fenced unless it experiences at least one moose accident per km per year. Schwartz, C. 2007. Seasonal movements of moose in Europe. [89] This separation contributes to the moose's keen sense of smell, which they employ to detect water sources, to find food under snow, and to detect mates or predators. Male survival is more variable due to hunting and male-male competition. In otherwords, Europe and Asia and northern Africa. Moose are mostly diurnal. 303-335 in A Franzmann, C Schwartz, eds. Global Biodiversity Information Facility. During their first year of life, young moose occupy the same home range as their mother and do not establish their own home range until the age of two. Calves are born at an average weight of 16.2 kg and gain approximately 1 kg per day while they are nursing. Moose with heavy tick infections will rub their fur down to the skin raw trying to get the ticks off, making them look white when their outer coat rubs off. Moose populations are stable at 25 calves for every 100 cows at 1 year of age. The wapiti appeared very similar to the red deer of Europe (which itself was almost extinct in Southern Britain) although it was much larger and was not red;[10] the two species are indeed closely related, though distinct behaviorally and genetically. Major predators can have such an impact on moose populations that they can slow their population growth and hold them below the carrying capacity of the habitat. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. Naturaliste Canadien, 101: 117-130. In the summer, moose may use this prehensile lip for grabbing branches and pulling, stripping the entire branch of leaves in a single mouthful, or for pulling forbs, like dandelions, or aquatic plants up by the base, roots and all. This is usually attributed to a hormone imbalance. Wilson, D., S. Ruff. Nous avons étudié la densité hivernale et la taille du territoire du loup (Canis lupus) aux Yukon Flats, en Alaska, où l’orignal (Alces alces) était la seule proie ongulée. Other bulls challenge the harem master for the right to mate. By the early 20th century, the last strongholds of the European moose appeared to be in Fennoscandian areas and patchy tracts of Russia, with a few migrants found in what is now Estonia and Lithuania. [citation needed], A full-grown moose has few enemies except Siberian tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) which regularly prey on adult moose,[120][121][122] but a pack of gray wolves (Canis lupus) can still pose a threat, especially to females with calves. Bubenik, A. (Bowyer, et al., 2003; Bubenik, 2007; Franzmann, 1981), The word “moose” comes from the Native American tribe, the Algonquins, which means “twig eater” in their language. Pp. Dussault, Christian, Jean‐Pierre Ouellet, Réhaume Courtois, Jean Huot, Laurier Breton, and Hélène Jolicoeur. Moose also require access to mineral licks, safe places for calving and aquatic feeding sites. 1998. Alces alces, com­monly called moose in North Amer­ica and Eurasian elk in Eu­rope, have a cir­cum­po­lar dis­tri­b­u­tion in the bo­real forests of the North­ern Hemi­sphere. swa. Client Groups. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 22: 375-387. The historical range of the subspecies extended from well into Quebec, the Maritimes, and Eastern Ontario south to include all of New England finally ending in the very northeastern tip of Pennsylvania in the west, cutting off somewhere near the mouth of the Hudson River in the south. (Novak, 1999), Moose are polygynous. [8], The moose became extinct in Britain during the Bronze Age, long before the European arrival in the Americas. Son pelage varie du brun doré au brun très sombre presque noir. [90][89], As with all members of the order Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates), moose feet have two large keratinized hooves corresponding to the third and fourth toe, with two small posterolateral dewclaws (vestigial digits), corresponding to the second and fifth toe. The guard hairs are hollow and filled with air for better insulation, which also helps them stay afloat when swimming. Il n’est pas vendu dans les magasins et est disponible sur de nombr… • Découvrez des millions d'œuvres originales, imaginées par des artistes indépendants. Moose. A moose that has been harassed may vent its anger on anyone in the vicinity, and they often do not make distinctions between their tormentors and innocent passers-by. Gestation averages about 231 days with cows giving birth to one calf on average, although twins are common. Can Hunters Save Them? Moose also eat many aquatic plants, including lilies and pondweed. Moose are crepuscular by nature, being most active at sunrise and sunset. 1998. Predation by bears tends to be the highest in the spring when calves are the most vulnerable. ADW doesn't cover all species in the world, nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe. In North America, moose have been observed to consume as many as 221 plant species and genera, and in Russia 355, although only a select few comprise a significant portion of their diet. [22] Moose have extended their range southwards in the western Rocky Mountains, with initial sightings in Yellowstone National Park in 1868, and then to the northern slope of the Uinta Mountains in Utah in the first half of the twentieth century. Their underfur and long guard hairs provide excellent insulation from cold. In the common moose (A. a. alces) this branch usually expands into a broad palmation, with one large tine at the base and a number of smaller snags on the free border. Moose and forest problems in Russia. The division of moose into European and North American species was believed to be supported by morphological differences and evidence that European moose have 68 chromosomes and North American moose have 70. Lundmark, Caroline. The lower prong of this fork may be either simple, or divided into two or three tines, with some flattening. Journal of Mammalogy 99, no. While much lower in energy, aquatic plants provide the moose with its sodium requirements, and as much as half of their diet usually consists of aquatic plant life. Ecotourism implies that there are existing programs that profit from the appreciation of natural areas or animals. Le pelage de l’orignal est sombre, allant du noirâtre au brun foncé, et relativement plus clair au niveau du visage. In book 8, chapter 16 of Pliny the Elder's Natural History from 77 CE, the elk and an animal called achlis, which is presumably the same animal, are described thus: ... there is, also, the moose, which strongly resembles our steers, except that it is distinguished by the length of the ears and of the neck. (Ballard and Van Ballenberghe, 2007; Bowyer, et al., 2003; Franzmann, 2000; Miquelle, et al., 1996), Moose can have a significant impact on ecosystems because of their daily activities of feeding, trampling, defecating, and urinating. Moose foraging can inhibit the growth of young trees. Eventually, in North America the wapiti became known as an elk while the moose retained its Anglicized Native-American name. (Hundertmark, 2007; LeResche, 1974; Pulliainen, 1974), Moose are not as vocal as other members of the deer family, such as elk (Cervus elaphus). Biogeography of moose with particular reference to western North America. (Bowyer, et al., 2003; Schwartz and Hundertmark, 1993; Hundertmark, et al., 2002; Schwartz, 1992; Schwartz, 2007), Moose breed in September and October of each year. Karns, P. 2007. Vol. Animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides, as well as anterior and posterior ends. chemicals released into air or water that are detected by and responded to by other animals of the same species, having more than one female as a mate at one time. In northern Scandinavia one can still find remains of trapping pits used for hunting moose. Calves can browse and follow their mother at 3 weeks old and are weaned at 5 months. The FASEB Journal 33, no. In Sweden, there was a debate in the late 18th century about the national value of using the moose as a domestic animal. Most moose have antlers that are broad and palmate (flat) with tines (points) along the outer edge. [citation needed] In 1978, the Regional Hunting Department transported 45 young moose to the center of Kamchatka. Moose are also strong swimmers, being known to swim up to 20 km or up to 9.5 km per hour. Female moose have an eight-month gestation period, usually bearing one calf, or twins if food is plentiful,[141] in May or June. The largest confirmed size for this species was a bull shot at the Yukon River in September 1897 that weighed 820 kg (1,808 lb) and measured 2.33 m (7.6 ft) high at the shoulder. Mitochondrial phylogeography of moose (Alces alces): late Pleistocene divergence and population expansion. [23] In 1978, a few breeding pairs were reintroduced in western Colorado, and the state's moose population is now more than 1,000. The life span of an average moose is about 15–25 years. a distribution that more or less circles the Arctic, so occurring in both the Nearctic and Palearctic biogeographic regions. in a Low Biomass Moose (Alces alces) System Bryce C. Lake,12 Jason R. Caikoski3 and Mark R. Bertram1 {Received 23 January 2014; accepted in revised form 9 July 2014) ... La taille des meutes variait de deux à dix loups, pour une taille moyenne de 5,0 loups en novembre 2009 et de 4,8 en mars 2010. As early as the 16th century the Norwegian government tried to restrict their use; nevertheless, the method was in use until the 19th century. Mga kasarigan. Alces alces Frae Wikipedia, the free beuk o knawledge The moose (North Americae) or elk (Eurasie), Alces alces, is the lairgest extant species in the deer faimily. The earliest recorded description of the moose is in Julius Caesar's Commentarii de Bello Gallico, where it is described thus: There are also [animals], which are called moose. Moose typically inhabit boreal forests and temperate broadleaf and mixed forests of the Northern Hemisphere in temperate to subarctic climates. Like giraffes, moose carefully select foods with less fiber and more concentrations of nutrients. (Kie, et al., 2003; Kielland and Bryant, 1998; Molvar, et al., 1993; Persson, et al., 2000), Moose are affected by several diseases and parasites. These outputs can be rapidly created from a broad suite of comparative scenarios, and then saved to your unique user account for future reference and display. Alces supplement, 2: 65-70. 2005. Coniferous or boreal forest, located in a band across northern North America, Europe, and Asia. [168] Local moose sightings are often reported on radio stations so that motorists can take care while driving in particular areas. In a collision, the impact crushes the front roof beams and individuals in the front seats. However, by the 1870s, only a handful of moose existed in this entire region in very remote pockets of forest; less than 20% of suitable habitat remained. 2007. Warm climates that have temperatures above 27 C for long periods likely limit their southern distribution. Moose are thus attracted to marshes and river banks during warmer months as both provide suitable vegetation to eat and water to wet themselves in. Moose usually flee upon detecting wolves. Ballard, W., V. Van Ballenberghe. Such proposals remained unimplemented, mainly because the extensive hunting for moose that was deregulated in the 1790s nearly drove it to extinction. In North America, moose are found throughout much of Alaska and Canada and just south of the border between the contiguous United States and Canada, but extend farther southward down the Rocky Mountains to Utah and Colorado.